this study aimed to investigate the movement inclinations in children age 6 to 9 with secure and insecure attachment styles. The research method was descriptive used a causal-comparative design. Participants comprised 24 male and female children aged 6 to 9 years old (including 8 children with secure attachment, 8 children with anxious insecure attachment, and 8 children with avoidant insecure attachment) selected by convenience sampling using Middle Childhood Attachment Scale (Ronaghi, Delavar & Mazaheri, 2012). Further, Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the movement behavior of each child during his/her activities was videotaped and scored under the supervision of a movement expert using the researcher-made observational checklist of movement qualities and observational checklist of movement dimensions (Asaseh, 2014). Data were analyzed by Chi-squared test and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed significant differences between the movement qualities among these three groups. Furthermore, they had differences in using the spatial dimensions,anxious children are more shaped in the horizontal dimensions and avoidant children in the vertical dimensions. These findings indicated that the observed individual differences in movement patterns were significantly related to different attachment orientations.

As a Saadat of Hassani and descendants of Imam Hasan Mojtaba, Edris Ibn Abdollah, after taking part in the uprising of Hossein Ibn Ali, famous for being endowed by Fakhkh, ran away and went toward west. In Islamic Morocco and a part of the present Aljeria, established the first independent Shiite government which was named after him and he founded a civilization in Morocco. Although a civilization with a short life, its cultural effects have been remained to the present time. Various reasons and passage of time led to uncertainty in Edris’ religious tendencies as well as his successors. Investigation of the problem in this paper reveals that although it could not be possible to express definite opinions about their religion, it is more likely that Edris and his descendents were Imami believers while there is no certain evidence available against this idea.

Background: Stress is a migraine trigger. Anxiety sensitivity as a mediator between stress and disease is one of the factors affecting the symptoms of migraine. Purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Eye movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety sensitivity in patients with migraine.Methods: In this semi experimental study, 36 patients with migraine were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. Patients of experimental group received EMDR therapy, 3 sessions of 90 minutes within three weeks. Control group did not receive any medical or psychological intervention. Participants in both groups were evaluated with Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory- Revised (ASI-R) during pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up.Findings: The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing reduces anxiety sensitivity (P<0.05) in patients.Conclusion: The results suggest that EMDR can be considered as one of the therapies for migraine headaches.

Spicules are intermittently rising above the surface of the Sun eruptions,EUV jets are now also reported immediately above surface layers. The orientation of spicules is a valuable parameter in the absence of direct magnetic field measurements with a sufficient spatial resolution in the chromospheric region because it is presumably determined by the confined flow of plasma, which should occur along the magnetic field lines, especially where the solar magnetic field pressure dominates the gas pressure. Of course, all these measurements suffer from the overlapping effect of spicules seen along each line of sight, the effect of which will be more critical when we look near the solar limb. In the case of macrospicules as well imaged by AIA of the SDO mission using the 304 filter recording the emissions of the HeII, resonance line, an additional effect arises due to the optical thickness of the line, especially on disk and also above the limb in the inner chromospheric shell. The primary purpose of this paper is to determine automatically and objectively the apparent tilt angle of spicules, using the best available highly processed observations, from the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) limb imaging experiment by using an H CaII line, onboard Hinode mission. Furthermore, the Hough transform is applied to the resulting images for making a statistical analysis of spicule orientations in different regions around the solar limb, from the pole to the equator. A technique for the automatic detection off-limb spicules was implemented, and statistical measurements were conducted to determine the tilt angle for spicules at different heliocentric angles. We apply and develop a method with the following steps: (1) To increase the visibility of spicules, a radial logarithmic scale is applied,(2) To enhance linear features, while the Madmax operator is used. We investigated in more detail the apparent inclination of spicules and found the statistically average values for different locations around the solar limb for tilt angle. The results show a large difference of spicule apparent tilt angles in (i) the solar pole regions, (ii) the equatorial regions, (iii) the active regions, and (iv) the coronal hole regions. Analytically, during the minimum solar magnetically activity, from the equator to the poles, the inclination angles of the spicules are getting smaller and their lengths increase. As a result, the chromosphere thickness in this case is thicker than that of the solar maximum activities. When the spicules in the polar coronal holes are significantly inclined, the chromosphere and even transition regions thickness is thinner. Numerically, spicules are visible in a radial direction in the polar regions with a tilt angle <200. The tilt angle is even reduced to 10 degrees inside the coronal hole with open magnetic field lines and at the lower latitude, the tilt angle reaches values over 50 degrees. Usually, around an active region, they show a wide range of apparent angle variations from-60 to +60 degrees, which is in close resemblance to the rosettes that are made of dark mottles and fibrils in projection on the solar disk. However, large-scale activities with short life-time do not play a significant role in the thickness of the chromosphere, and they are removed for long term measurements by averaging. Therefore, this study considers the most statistical population of spicules in the minimum (and maximum) solar activity in the polar regions, and in lower latitude, to be considered as their inclination angles. While at the maximum laps of solar cycle, the opposite result will be expected, and fully confirmed, and give us a topological reason for the chromospheric prolateness at minimum activities.

Abstract: The present study aims at identifying in a qualitative manner, the family factors on people's drug abuse inclinations. Therefore, the primary family of the drug dependent individuals has been on the focus of this research which has been carried out in a qualitative method. The research participants included thirty five respondents (twenty five male and ten female) who had all been selected from among those who had voluntarily referred to the "Treatment and care centre for self-referent drug dependents" affiliated to Rasht Welfare Organization. These participants took part in interview sessions and replied the questions raised during the interviews. Upon the approval of the interviewees, all the elicited data were recorded on papers and were coded for detailed review and analysis of the data and the items related to the research questions were singled out. The research results shows that the family risk factors proved effective on driving people to drug abuse and even on their drug dependence. The results also indicated that primary family played a crucial role, either directly or indirectly, in enticing children and youngsters to drug abuse. A considerable number of interviewees had mentioned their poor welfare conditions within their primary family as a contributing factor which pushed them to drug abuse. The complained that most of their basic needs in their primary family had remained unmet and that their parents had neglected to meet those needs. The interviewees also mentioned that poor parentship might also play a part in their drug dependent. Based on the research findings, certain recommendations and viable propositions have been offered to the related policy makers and decision makers. Meanwhile certain suggestions have also been made for further research.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze and rank factors of investor inclinations towards the capital market through structural-interpretive modeling and recursive analysis.Method: The exploratory factor analysis was used with the grounded theory to extract indicators. Structural-interpretive modeling was then adopted to rank the factors and the recursive model was extracted through path analysis. Finally, the model fitness was evaluated in AMOS.Results: The exploratory factor analysis identified 46 categories in six dimensions, namely casual factors, contextual factors, axial factors, intervening factors, strategies, and outcomes. The structural-interpretive modeling results classified the factors in 5 levels from bottom-top, where the first and last levels were respectively causal factors and outcomes. The path analysis results mainly emphasized the indirect effects of contextual and intervening variables, and the findings suggested that the model had adequate fitness.Conclusion: The results were analyzed for structural-interpretive modeling and recursive analysis of investor inclinations towards the capital market. According to the factor analysis results, the indices had high factor loads with six major components (factors). The discovered indicators shown in Table 1 suggest that the structural model of investor inclinations towards the stock market can be described with six components and 46 subcomponents. The causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, axial factors, strategic factors, and outcomes respectively had 10, 14, 8, 2, 5, and 7 subcomponents.The results of analyzing the factor loads of indices toward the main research objective found high factor loads in an investor’s personality and attitude, emotional intelligence, preferences and interests, mental security, loss avoidance, experience, and business intelligence, and governmental macro planning and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. These indicators were highly important.People are inclined toward different activities for various reasons, and the same goes for investments and trades in financial markets. For instance, an investor’s personality and attitude from the causal indices is among the most important factors in the psychology of capital markets. In other words, various mental processes and situations lead to different feelings and motivations, which can greatly affect the investor decisions. Another important indicator is an investor’s experience that can be analyzed in two aspects, the first being their experience with the profit or loss from previous trades that will become a positive or negative mental background for investors during trades, and the second aspect is gaining experience in making buy or sell calls over time. An investor’s mental security also has a high factor load in causal factors. Investors are constantly concerned about capital security in the stock market since it is perceived as a country’s economic thermometer. It is affected by domestic and foreign sociopolitical problems that are major sources of share price fluctuations. Hence, investors can somehow moderate the fear of share price fluctuations by improving their investment knowledge and becoming aware of increases and decreases in share prices. However, an investor’s loss avoidance is also effective. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, investors should use their additional savings to invest in the stock market for higher levels of mental security.An investor’s emotional and business intelligence are the next indicators with high factor loads in contextual factors. These are considered moderating factors in the mass behavior of investors.An investor’s preferences and interests were identified as the axial category. With high factor loads, these indicators suggest that investors have different preferences. For instance, some prefer very low-risk investments resulting in conservative profits, whereas others are willing to take substantial risks for more profit. All of the aforementioned indicators affect this category. Moreover, governmental macro planning is an important indicator with a high factor load in strategic factors. In this regard, it is important to accurately analyze the macro environment and formulate appropriate scenarios to adopt the correct rather than cumbersome regulations in the strategic planning foundation for the capital market. The authorities and legislators active in capital markets should always take this into consideration.The results of the conceptual structural-interpretive model for the effectiveness of factors suggested that the causal factors had the greatest effects on other dimensions. Furthermore, among the six major research dimensions, outcomes were the most dependent on other dimensions. The path analysis and model fitness analysis were conducted in AMOS. Analysis of the recursive model indicates a variable’s effect on itself and that the contextual and intervening dimensions affected themselves directly. Analyzing the final model fitness indicators and all parsimonious indices, namely PRATIO, PCFIC, and PNFI, showed that the final model had adequate fitness.The stock market is a segment of a country’s economy whose growth will also boost the economy. Hence, it is necessary to better recognize the factors affecting investor behaviors in a bid to understand their mentality and external behaviors within a scientific framework. This will facilitate better identification of views, states, and behaviors of investors and help the stock market grow, hence the following recommendations:According to the results, the investable companies in the capital market are advised to always improve the quality of accounting information in reports.The investors in the capital market are advised to set their financial goals first. Realistic goals are the road map helping investors identify what to invest in, set their investment horizon, and what markets to operate in. Therefore, investors can have different goals based on the three risk factors, namely income, expectation of growth rate, and dividend payout. Investors are advised to strike a balance between security, income, and investment growth to make successful investments. Given the effects of their feelings on the share price, investors should be more careful about buying or selling shares during transient emotional news cycles.Capital market authorities and legislators are advised to support the market during political turmoil to reduce emotional market actions. Therefore, they should consider the importance of regulations on economic growth.

One of the outstanding features of today's world is increasing level of attachment and identity awareness which is the outcome of a two-way process: one the one hand globalization tries, particularly in the cultural field, to eliminate small, peripheral cultures; and on the other, there are local resistances against the globalization. At the same time, caught in the above-mentioned two-sided process, various urban, rural and nomadic lifestyles change man's relations with the environment, bringing them within the political frameworks (i.e., power relations). The present article is an attempt to offer an Iranian model of urban and nomadic life styles in order to elaborate its theoretical aspects as well as the consequences of this relation at the local level which are related to some problems in elucidation of national identity and making the central plans practical at local level. The Lurestan Province and the city of Khorramabad are an ideal example and through the garnered data from these places, the issue may be discussed comprehensively.    

Decentralization is understood as greater participation of people and entities at different levels. Greater participation leads to a greater sense of ownership and by raising the legitimacy of curriculum, increase its implementation potentials.Catering for teachers' positive attitude towards implementing the new curricula, is the basis for encouraging decentralization especially when compatible or semi-compatible implementation format is desired.Teachers are the ultimate decision makers in the process of implementation and literally determine the extent of the reform's actual impact. To further document this process, two investigations were carried out and the results are reported in this article. In the first investigation, 200 high school physics teachers from Fars province were selected as the sample and the second investigation included 540 middle school math teachers from Khozestan province. Both investigations found meaningful relationship between teacher's involvements in the reform process with their tendency towards implementing the required change.